{"id":17802,"date":"2019-04-22T09:55:20","date_gmt":"2019-04-22T16:55:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.kith.org\/jed\/?p=17802"},"modified":"2019-04-22T17:44:17","modified_gmt":"2019-04-23T00:44:17","slug":"face-recognition-and-tracking-people","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.kith.org\/jed\/2019\/04\/22\/face-recognition-and-tracking-people\/","title":{"rendered":"Face recognition and tracking people"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n<p>Content warning for mention of possible use of publicly available tracking technology by stalkers and harassers.<\/p>\r\n<hr width=\"25%\" \/>\r\n<p>The <cite>New York Times<\/cite> published an article last week about <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/interactive\/2019\/04\/16\/opinion\/facial-recognition-new-york-city.html\">creating a face-recognition system<\/a> using publicly available camera feeds:<\/p>\r\n<blockquote>\r\n<p>To demonstrate how easy it is to track people without their knowledge, we collected public images of people who worked near Bryant Park (available on their employers\u2019 websites, for the most part) and ran one day of footage through Amazon\u2019s commercial facial recognition service. Our system detected 2,750 faces from a nine-hour period (not necessarily unique people, since a person could be captured in multiple frames). It returned several possible identifications, including one frame matched to a head shot of [\u2026] a professor at the SUNY College of Optometry, with an 89 percent similarity score. The total cost: about $60.<\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n<p>(They received permission from the professor in question to talk about him in the article.)<\/p>\r\n<p>The article discusses some of the potential for abuse of face-recognition technology by law enforcement:<\/p>\r\n<blockquote>\r\n<p>Matt Wood, the general manager of artificial intelligence for Amazon Web Services, noted that it is possible that Rekognition, like other types of information available to law enforcement officials, could be used inappropriately. [\u2026] He added that the company has not received any reports of misuse by law enforcement.<\/p>\r\n<p>In January, however, the A.C.L.U. sent a letter to Amazon asking it to stop selling facial recognition technology to police and government agencies, saying that the company\u2019s attention to civil liberties has lagged behind that of Google and Microsoft.<\/p>\r\n<p>\u201cRekognition marketing materials read like a user manual for authoritarian surveillance,\u201d said Nicole Ozer, the technology and civil liberties director for the A.C.L.U. of California, in a statement last year.<\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n<p>But the article doesn\u2019t talk about some other aspects of the situation. For example:<\/p>\r\n<dl>\r\n  <dt>Sousveillance<\/dt>\r\n  <dd>The article is focused primarily on the possible misuse of systems like these by governments, but it starts out talking about how easily a non-government-associated person can use the system. The fact that these feeds are publicly available makes me think of <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sousveillance\">sousveillance<\/a> and David Brin\u2019s related <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Transparent_Society\">Transparent Society<\/a> ideas; in particular, the article doesn\u2019t mention that such feeds could potentially be used by citizens to observe police activity.<\/dd>\r\n  <dt>Stalking and harassment<\/dt>\r\n  <dd>Also not mentioned by the article, also in the nongovernmental-use category: this kind of technology could be a huge and awful aid to stalkers and harassers. :(<\/dd>\r\n  <dt>Attempts to defeat face recognition<\/dt>\r\n  <dd>The article also doesn\u2019t address the ongoing struggle between the creators of face-recognition systems and the creators of face-disguising systems. More on that below.<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n<p>The problems around law-enforcement access to surveillance and face-recognition systems have been pretty widely recognized for years, and people have taken various approaches to try to avoid being recognized by such systems. Here are a few links on that topic.<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n  <li>In 2014, Robinson Meyer of the <cite>Atlantic<\/cite> tried out the face-camouflage approach recommended by CV Dazzle. Meyer wrote an article about <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/technology\/archive\/2014\/07\/makeup\/374929\/\">wearing face-camouflage in public<\/a> for a few days. His article mentions, but doesn\u2019t go far enough in discussing, the ways in which his being a well-dressed 20something white man influenced his and other people\u2019s perceptions (he seems very surprised to learn that \u201clooking strange contorts public trust in weird ways,\u201d and doesn\u2019t seem aware that (for example) quite a lot of people who aren\u2019t wearing face camouflage look \u201cstrange\u201d to many white people); but even so, I thought the article was an interesting look at face-camouflage issues.<\/li>\r\n  <li><a href=\"https:\/\/cvdazzle.com\/\">CV Dazzle\u2019s website<\/a> gives some further info.<\/li>\r\n  <li>A 2018 article talks about some other <a href=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/s\/story\/fighting-ai-surveillance-with-scarves-and-face-paint-6b634ef174a1\">related approaches to face camouflage<\/a>, including scarves. \u201cThe scarf is part of Hyphen-Labs\u2019 wider NeuroSpeculative AfroFeminism project, which also includes earrings embedded with cameras and an Afrofuturist \u2018neurocosmetology\u2019 salon, all angled toward exploring the roles and representations of black women in technology. When it comes to facial recognition, the scarf is a way to draw attention to the creeping growth of new surveillance techniques in Western society and how these mechanisms are imperfect, built from flawed algorithms that can can be fooled, sidestepped, hijacked.\u201d<\/li>\r\n  <li>However, a 2017 article notes that with some help, face-recognition technology can <a href=\"https:\/\/www.newscientist.com\/article\/2146703-even-a-mask-wont-hide-you-from-the-latest-face-recognition-tech\/\">recognize faces even when they\u2019re wearing some kinds of masks<\/a>, by looking at the pattern of a set of key points of a given face. I\u2019m guessing that means things like distance between eyes. (Though both this and the previous article mention specially designed glasses frames that I\u2019m assuming give false impressions of such parameters.)<\/li>\r\n  <li>Much of my post here focuses on the dangers of accurate face recognition. But one more aspect of all of this, of course, is that a lot of face recognition is very <em>in<\/em>accurate, which can lead to (among other problems) police misidentifying people. For more on that, see a 2018 article from the <cite>Independent<\/cite>: \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/met-police-facial-recognition-success-south-wales-trial-home-office-false-positive-a8345036.html\">Metropolitan Police's facial recognition technology 98% inaccurate<\/a>.\u201d<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[78],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-17802","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-technology"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kith.org\/jed\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17802","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kith.org\/jed\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kith.org\/jed\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kith.org\/jed\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kith.org\/jed\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17802"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.kith.org\/jed\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17802\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17807,"href":"https:\/\/www.kith.org\/jed\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17802\/revisions\/17807"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kith.org\/jed\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17802"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kith.org\/jed\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17802"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kith.org\/jed\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17802"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}